以下運行裝置為 MAC
testrpc是模擬區塊鏈的工具，一開始運行的預設值會給予10組私鑰
truffle是智能合約的開發框架，其指令包含了編譯智能合約，以及將智能合約部署到區塊鏈上，每變動一次智能合約，都必須重新編譯，並且重新部署。
智能合約所使用的語言是solidity，Ethereum上的智能合約需要使用solidity1語言來撰寫。雖然還有其他能用來撰寫智能合約的語言如Serpent(類Python)、lll(類Fortran)，目前看到所有公開的智能合約都是使用solidity撰寫。solidity是一種類似Javascript的語言，而且圍繞著solidity的各種開發工具鏈，都是使用屬於Javascript生態系的npm來提供的。 因為和Javascript不同，solidity與Java或C#同屬於強型別(Strong Type，在定義變數時需要指定型別)語言、在定義函式(function)時同樣需指定回傳的型別(type)、同樣也需要先編譯才能執行。這些特性都是Javascript所不具備的。
可在sublime 安裝solidity插件，即可用sublime使用solidity:
1.
command + shift + p，在進入install package
再輸入ethereum，即可安裝solidity插件
回到sublime切換至solidity語言
view -> syntax -> solidity
（一）準備工具
首先在MAC上必須裝好Node.js，再使用以下命令安裝所需的工具：
1.安裝testrpc
$ npm install -g ethereumjs-testrpc truffle以終端機啟動testrpc
再開啟新的終端機畫面
2.建立專案
在終端機輸入指令
$mkdir SmartContractDemo //建立SmartContractDemo根資料夾
$cd SmartContractDemo //進入SmartContractDemo
$mkdir HelloWorld //建立HelloWorld子資料夾
$cd HelloWorld //進入HelloWorld
$truffle init //建立專案
接著會出現以下畫面
建立成功後，可到資料夾查看，contracts資料夾至少有兩個.sol檔案
建立智能合約
範例合約內容如下
pragma solidity ^0.4.4;
contract HelloWorld {
function sayHello() returns (string) {
return ("Hello World");
}
可到sublime撰寫，並以sol檔案儲存在contracts資料夾，檔名為HelloWorld.sol
再回到終端機指令，編譯智能合約
chenjunongdeMBP:HelloWorld erinchen$ truffle compile
Compiling ./contracts/HelloWorld.sol...
Compilation warnings encountered:
/Users/erinchen/SmartContractDemo/HelloWorld/contracts/HelloWorld.sol:4:3: Warning: No visibility specified. Defaulting to "public".
function sayHello() returns (string) {
^
Spanning multiple lines.
,/Users/erinchen/SmartContractDemo/HelloWorld/contracts/HelloWorld.sol:8:3: Warning: No visibility specified. Defaulting to "public".
function echo(string name) constant returns (string) {
^
Spanning multiple lines.
,/Users/erinchen/SmartContractDemo/HelloWorld/contracts/HelloWorld.sol:4:3: Warning: Function state mutability can be restricted to pure
function sayHello() returns (string) {
^
Spanning multiple lines.
,/Users/erinchen/SmartContractDemo/HelloWorld/contracts/HelloWorld.sol:8:3: Warning: Function state mutability can be restricted to pure
function echo(string name) constant returns (string) {
^
Spanning multiple lines.
Writing artifacts to ./build/contracts
2.部署合約
再來就是部署合約，打開migrations資料夾，用sublime打開2_deploy_contracts.js
在migrations裡的檔案，檔案名稱第一個必須是數字
2_deploy_contracts.js內容為
var HelloWorld = artifacts.require("HelloWorld");
module.exports = function(deployer) {
deployer.deploy(HelloWorld);
};
存檔後再回到終端機輸入migrate指令
HelloWorld erinchen$ truffle migrate
Using network 'development'.
Running migration: 1_initial_migration.js
Deploying HelloWorld...
... 0x9576f04f4fb6c97ad4e7cbc70c795cb4fbfacb54e19005249726c3dc286defdf
HelloWorld: 0x2964dfe69eb87f04bddf1f832bf01c0ffdd481b6
Saving artifacts...
Running migration: 2_deploy_contracts.js
Replacing HelloWorld...
... 0x8499f8ad9116f4664d264b364e01c6a114f191645f2b2677c7039af0a58c1bc6
HelloWorld: 0xaf921755151aa154918fb31dc4c3c13c1b324dd9
Saving artifacts...
chenjunongdeMBP:HelloWorld erinchen$
切換到testrpc畫面可看到已經更新過
執行truffle console 可以用JavaScript來和剛部署的合約互動
chenjunongdeMBP:HelloWorld erinchen$ truffle console
truffle(development)> HelloWorld.deployed().then(instance => contract = instance)
TruffleContract {
constructor:
{ [Function: TruffleContract]
_static_methods:
{ setProvider: [Function: setProvider],
new: [Function: new],
at: [Function: at],
deployed: [Function: deployed],
defaults: [Function: defaults],
hasNetwork: [Function: hasNetwork],
isDeployed: [Function: isDeployed],
detectNetwork: [Function: detectNetwork],
setNetwork: [Function: setNetwork],
resetAddress: [Function: resetAddress],
link: [Function: link],
clone: [Function: clone],
addProp: [Function: addProp],
toJSON: [Function: toJSON] },
_properties:
{ contract_name: [Object],
contractName: [Object],
abi: [Object],
network: [Function: network],
networks: [Function: networks],
address: [Object],
links: [Function: links],
events: [Function: events],
binary: [Function: binary],
deployedBinary: [Function: deployedBinary],
unlinked_binary: [Object],
bytecode: [Object],
deployedBytecode: [Object],
sourceMap: [Object],
deployedSourceMap: [Object],
source: [Object],
sourcePath: [Object],
ast: [Object],
compiler: [Object],
schema_version: [Function: schema_version],
schemaVersion: [Function: schemaVersion],
updated_at: [Function: updated_at],
updatedAt: [Function: updatedAt] },
_property_values: {},
_json:
{ contractName: 'HelloWorld',
abi: [Object],
bytecode: '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',
deployedBytecode: '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',
sourceMap: '25:173:0:-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;',
deployedSourceMap: '25:173:0:-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;49:70;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;23:1:-1;8:100;33:3;30:1;27:2;8:100;;;99:1;94:3;90;84:5;80:1;75:3;71;64:6;52:2;49:1;45:3;40:15;;8:100;;;12:14;3:109;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;123:73:0;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;23:1:-1;8:100;33:3;30:1;27:2;8:100;;;99:1;94:3;90;84:5;80:1;75:3;71;64:6;52:2;49:1;45:3;40:15;;8:100;;;12:14;3:109;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;49:70:0;78:6;;:::i;:::-;92:22;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;49:70;:::o;123:73::-;168:6;;:::i;:::-;189:4;182:11;;123:73;;;:::o;25:173::-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:::o',
source: 'pragma solidity ^0.4.4;\n\ncontract HelloWorld {\n function sayHello() returns (string) {\n return ("Hello World");\n }\n\n function echo(string name) constant returns (string) {\n return name;\n}\n}\n',
sourcePath: '/Users/erinchen/SmartContractDemo/HelloWorld/contracts/HelloWorld.sol',
ast: [Object],
compiler: [Object],
networks: [Object],
schemaVersion: '1.0.1',
updatedAt: '2018-02-24T17:35:49.888Z' },
setProvider: [Function: bound setProvider],
new: [Function: bound new],
at: [Function: bound at],
deployed: [Function: bound deployed],
defaults: [Function: bound defaults],
hasNetwork: [Function: bound hasNetwork],
isDeployed: [Function: bound isDeployed],
detectNetwork: [Function: bound detectNetwork],
setNetwork: [Function: bound setNetwork],
resetAddress: [Function: bound resetAddress],
link: [Function: bound link],
clone: [Function: bound clone],
addProp: [Function: bound addProp],
toJSON: [Function: bound toJSON],
web3:
Web3 {
_requestManager: [Object],
currentProvider: [Object],
eth: [Object],
db: [Object],
shh: [Object],
net: [Object],
personal: [Object],
bzz: [Object],
settings: [Object],
version: [Object],
providers: [Object],
_extend: [Object] },
class_defaults:
{ from: '0x01cb838698e4bd068fa8678777684e99d4e22f7c',
gas: 6721975,
gasPrice: 100000000000 },
currentProvider:
HttpProvider {
host: 'http://localhost:8545',
timeout: 0,
user: undefined,
password: undefined,
headers: undefined,
send: [Function],
sendAsync: [Function],
_alreadyWrapped: true },
network_id: '1519492998810' },
abi:
[ { constant: false,
inputs: [],
name: 'sayHello',
outputs: [Object],
payable: false,
stateMutability: 'nonpayable',
type: 'function' },
{ constant: true,
inputs: [Object],
name: 'echo',
outputs: [Object],
payable: false,
stateMutability: 'view',
type: 'function' } ],
contract:
Contract {
_eth:
Eth {
_requestManager: [Object],
getBalance: [Object],
getStorageAt: [Object],
getCode: [Object],
getBlock: [Object],
getUncle: [Object],
getCompilers: [Object],
getBlockTransactionCount: [Object],
getBlockUncleCount: [Object],
getTransaction: [Object],
getTransactionFromBlock: [Object],
getTransactionReceipt: [Object],
getTransactionCount: [Object],
call: [Object],
estimateGas: [Object],
sendRawTransaction: [Object],
signTransaction: [Object],
sendTransaction: [Object],
sign: [Object],
compile: [Object],
submitWork: [Object],
getWork: [Object],
coinbase: [Getter],
getCoinbase: [Object],
mining: [Getter],
getMining: [Object],
hashrate: [Getter],
getHashrate: [Object],
syncing: [Getter],
getSyncing: [Object],
gasPrice: [Getter],
getGasPrice: [Object],
accounts: [Getter],
getAccounts: [Object],
blockNumber: [Getter],
getBlockNumber: [Object],
protocolVersion: [Getter],
getProtocolVersion: [Object],
iban: [Object],
sendIBANTransaction: [Function: bound transfer] },
transactionHash: null,
address: '0xaf921755151aa154918fb31dc4c3c13c1b324dd9',
abi: [ [Object], [Object] ],
sayHello:
{ [Function: bound ]
request: [Function: bound ],
call: [Function: bound ],
sendTransaction: [Function: bound ],
estimateGas: [Function: bound ],
getData: [Function: bound ],
'': [Circular] },
echo:
{ [Function: bound ]
request: [Function: bound ],
call: [Function: bound ],
sendTransaction: [Function: bound ],
estimateGas: [Function: bound ],
getData: [Function: bound ],
string: [Circular] },
allEvents: [Function: bound ] },
sayHello:
{ [Function]
call: [Function],
sendTransaction: [Function],
request: [Function: bound ],
estimateGas: [Function] },
echo:
{ [Function]
call: [Function],
sendTransaction: [Function],
request: [Function: bound ],
estimateGas: [Function] },
sendTransaction: [Function],
send: [Function],
allEvents: [Function: bound ],
address: '0xaf921755151aa154918fb31dc4c3c13c1b324dd9',
transactionHash: null }
在合約中加入新方法，例如在HelloWorld.sol加入echo
function echo(string name) constant returns (string) {
return name;
}
存檔完，重新compile和migrate
$truffle console
truffle(development)> let contract
undefined
truffle(development)> HelloWorld.deployed().then(instance => contract = instance)
TruffleContract {
constructor:以下略過
echo方法將輸入的內容回傳了，同時宣告了constant，不需要使用call()方法，truffle會自動使用call來呼叫。
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